2018-06-28 | 小编:长安 | 3 |
这次北京环球教育林依萱老师来给大家讲一下如何提升雅思写作语言技巧,把句子变得丰富多样性,简约而不简单。
在多年的雅思写作和阅读教学中,笔者发现学生在备考中很容易出现误区:比如在做阅读题目时,喜欢一字不差地读句子,生怕自己因错过了信息而做错题目;在写作时,因为没有思路,不会写相关词汇,写不出完整内容,考了几次雅思却总是刷不到理想分数。
这样不仅浪费了自己的宝贵时间,也很容易因没有科学有效的方法而停滞不前。其实雅思四个科目都是相辅相成的,学好写作脱离不了阅读的帮助。
在引入写作之前,笔者先说一下阅读:
怎样才能快速抓住文章的主要信息呢?主要是要划准关键词Key Words 和做减法。
雅思阅读中最基础也是比较重要的技巧是Skimming略读,避免精读每一个单词。
要将很长的复合句划分成较短、较简单的结构成分。
提高阅读速度的方法之一是:搜索句子的主干结构,即主谓宾,关系从句和表语从句通常可略过。
举个栗子:
In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Nile.
这是剑桥真题里的一篇文章,上过雅思课的学生应该对这篇尼罗河的文章很熟悉。文中掺杂了相关的专业词汇,比如 currents ,Mediterranean Sea, sediment ,delta ,River Nile。对于初步了解雅思并且单词量不高的学生来说,要快速读懂这句话,这无疑是比较痛苦的。
那我们来引用前文提到的减法练习一下:
Land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Nile.
抓住主谓宾主体结构,去掉修饰成分,这句话成为"land used to be replaced by sediment "
接下来,给大家一个句子,作为课下练习
In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group.
那么写作又是怎么回事呢?
阅读做减法,写作就做加法!
使用刚才的化简句子:
Land used to be replaced by sediment
土地经常被沉积物填补。
在真实雅思写作考场上,写这样的句子难免会让考官感到疑惑,什么样的土地?谁的沉积物,为什么要被补充?
我们来看一下真实的原文:
Land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea (后置定语,由地中海沿岸洋流冲刷的 used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Nile. (后置定语,由尼罗河带到三角洲的)
文章在主语和宾语后面都加入了后置定语,让这句话的语义更完整,思路更清晰。我们在写作的时候尽量把内容前后和因果关系写具体,富有逻辑,这样段落内容才完整,整个篇目也就更连贯。
林老师给大家来举个栗子:
中文:人们不同意这个观点。
英文该怎样拓展?
以下给大家提供了五种方式,你倾向哪一种呢?
A. People disagree with this idea.
B. People disagree with this idea and express their own distinct thoughts.
C. People disagree with this idea that the government should spend more money on the arts and sports.
D. This idea is disagreed by those who claim that the government should spend more money on healthcare and education.
最后演变为
E. This idea that the government should spend a great deal of money on the arts and sports is refuted by individuals who claim that healthcare and education should be comparatively more emphasized.
没有良好的教育和棒棒的身体,怎么能战胜酷夏品尝tasty rice dumpling,再吟诵一首屈原的词呢?
通过加入相关结构和具体内容,一个简单句就演变到一个长难复合句,你Get到了吗?
(附《离骚》)
屈原 《楚辞·离骚》
帝高阳之苗裔兮,朕皇考曰伯庸。摄提贞于孟陬兮,惟庚寅吾以降。
皇览揆余初度兮,肇锡余以嘉名:名余曰正则兮,字余曰灵均。
(附杨宪益版英译)
Li Sao
Qu Yuan
A prince am I of ancestry renowned,
Illustrious name my royal sire hath found.
When Sirius did in spring its light display,
A child was born, and Tiger marked the day.
When first upon my face my lord's eye glanced,
For me auspicious names he straight advanced,
Denoting that in me Heaven's marks divine
Should with the virtues of the earth combine.
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